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Full Spectrum THC: What Is It & How Does It Work?

November 01, 2023

There are a lot of products on the market that claim to be full spectrum, but if you’re not purchasing the product from a dispensary, it’s likely not a full spectrum cannabis product. To be full spectrum, an extract has to have all the cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and additional compounds natural to the plant. How’s that possible? In this guide, we’re going to give you the details, ensuring you know what full spectrum THC is, how it’s made, and where you can get it.


What is a Full Spectrum Extract?

A full spectrum cannabis extract is a cannabis concentrate that has preserved the compounds found in the marijuana plant. Not only will you have THC and CBD in a full-spectrum extract, you’ll also have terpenes, minor cannabinoids, flavonoids, and other compounds that are natural to marijuana. 

Because these compounds are so delicate, the full-spectrum extraction process is a careful, precise procedure that inevitably increases the cost of the final product you find on the shelves of your dispensary. That said, you’ll also have one of the most aromatic, flavorful products you’ve ever experienced outside of pure marijuana flower.


How Does Full Spectrum THC Work?

To understand how full spectrum THC works, you have to understand your body’s endocannabinoid system. We used to think that THC is what caused the potent effects that we feel when we consume marijuana, and it’s true, THC does contribute to those psychoactive feelings we get. But in 1988, a researcher named Raphael Mechoulam suggested that the other compounds found in cannabis, including other cannabinoids and terpenes, may also have an effect on our body, and when those compounds are paired with THC, we get a unique experience. This theory was coined the entourage effect.

Full spectrum THC embraces the theory of the entourage effect by keeping all the cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other compounds in marijuana that are natural to the plant. That way, we can experience the plant in its entirety and not just specific facets of the plant—like a single cannabinoid. This whole-plant experience is unique to you and your endocannabinoid system. 


How is Full Spectrum Cannabis Oil Extracted?

There’s no question that full spectrum cannabis products require a little extra time and finesse in order to preserve the cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids in the final product. Because of this, the techniques to create a full spectrum cannabis oil are limited to three types of extraction:

  • Hydrocarbon: When butane or butane and propane are cooled, liquified, and pushed through marijuana, they can remove all the compounds we love that are found in cannabis. Then, those solvents have to carefully be removed (along with the fat and wax) to ensure a clean, final product. This time consuming process has to be precise to ensure none of the terpenes are destroyed.

  • Supercritical CO2: Replace butane and other solvents with supercritical CO2, and you get this unique form of extraction. Supercritical CO2 acts like both a liquid and a gas, getting into all the nooks and cellular crannies of marijuana. Then, the temperature and pressure is gently adjusted, causing the CO2 to pull the compounds we want out of the cannabis. 

  • Heat & pressure: For cannabis enthusiasts who don’t want to have solvents touching their full spectrum extract, heat and pressure can do the trick. The marijuana plant is put through a process like ice water extraction or dry sifting, which removes the trichomes from the plant. Then, heat and pressure are applied to those trichomes, and the result is a flavorful, aromatic, full spectrum extract.


Full Spectrum THC vs THC Distillate: What’s the Difference?

The biggest difference between full spectrum THC and THC distillate is what is in the final product. A THC distillate is just that—marijuana that has been distilled down to just THC. In most cases, THC is the only cannabis compound you’ll find in the extract. Full spectrum THC, on the other hand, preserves all the compounds in the cannabis, including the THC. In general, if you purchase a full spectrum product at a dispensary, it will be considered a full spectrum THC product.


What Products Have Full-Spectrum Cannabis Extract?

Full-spectrum cannabis products contain all the cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids you’d find in flower. The extraction process prioritizes preserving these important compounds. If you’d like to enjoy a full-spectrum cannabis extract, you should try:


  • Flower: Flower, obviously, is a full-spectrum product. That said, it can be used to create full-spectrum extracts too. These extracts include live rosin, which is flash-frozen cannabis that is put through a solvent-based extraction to preserve all the compounds we love about cannabis, and ice water hash, which is a hash made from trichomes that have been dislodged from flower via an ice water agitation bath.

  • Edibles: While edibles can be made from things like THC distillate, which is simply THC suspended in oil of some kind, they can also be made from full-spectrum products. Cannabutter, for instance, is typically a full-spectrum product because the only thing strained from it is the seeds and stems. One thing to remember, however, is that if you cook with a full-spectrum product, it’s possible that you could destroy some of the terpenes in the product in too high of heat. It’s also likely that your edibles will have a stronger marijuana flavor because those terpenes pack a sensory punch.

  • Topicals: Cannabis topicals are exactly what they sound like—a topical product applied onto the skin. You can find topical CBD and THC products that focus on that single cannabinoid, but you can also find topical full-spectrum products, including lotions, salves, creams, and balms. These products preserve the terpenes and cannabinoids in the cannabis, allowing all of those compounds to work together on the endocannabinoid receptors found in the skin.


Answering FAQs About Full-Spectrum Extracts

Full-spectrum extracts are becoming more and more popular with curious cannabis enthusiasts that are interested in a flower-like experience without the hassle that comes with enjoying flower. Because of this, we get a lot of questions, and here are just a few of them along with their answers:


Does full-spectrum CBD have THC in it?
Most full-spectrum CBD products have at least a small amount of THC in them, otherwise they’d be called “broad spectrum.” With products sold outside of a dispensary, they have to have less than 0.3% THC. Unfortunately, these products also tend to be unregulated. If you purchase full-spectrum CBD in a dispensary, you’re getting a safer product that will likely have more than 0.3% THC in it. 


Is full spectrum more potent?
Full-spectrum products are not necessarily more potent. They tend to prioritize preserving the cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids in marijuana. Because of this, the manufacturers are less focused on jam-packing their products with THC. That said, a lower THC potency doesn’t mean the product won’t hit you hard. The entourage effect can be a powerful thing, and all those compounds working together with your endocannabinoid system can create some powerful results. 


Can you dab full spectrum extract?
Dabbing just means that you’re using a dab pen or dab rig in order to consume your concentrates. You absolutely can dab full spectrum extracts, like live resin and sauce. 


Find Full-Spectrum THC Products

Increasingly, cannabis enthusiasts are focused on the highest quality products they can get their hands on, and for many consumers, this means full-spectrum THC products. Because of this, dispensaries are prioritizing having a variety of full spectrum THC marijuana available. If you’re not seeing any in your dispensary, just talk to your budtender. They’ll either be able to guide you to what they have in stock or let you know when the products that have sold out will be back on the shelves. 



Use of Marijuana Concentrate may lead to: Psychotic symptoms and/or Psychotic disorder (delusions, hallucinations, or difficulty distinguishing reality); Mental Health Symptoms/Problems; Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) (uncontrolled and repetitive vomiting); Cannabis use disorder/dependence, including physical and psychological dependence.   Please consume responsibly. This product may cause impairment and may be habit forming. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product.  State laws impact what dispensaries can and can’t sell to recreational customers and medical marijuana patients. Not every type of product, consumption method, dosage form, or potency mentioned on this blog will be permitted in all locations. 


Related posts

Nugget of cannabis flower frozen in an ice cube
What Are Ice Bongs & Freeze Bongs?

If you’ve ever taken a hit from a bong and thought, “This could be smoother,” you’re not alone. Ice bongs and freeze bongs are two popular options for cannabis enthusiasts who want a cooler, more enjoyable smoking experience. These bongs add extra comfort by cooling the smoke before you inhale, reducing harshness on your throat and lungs. In this article, you’ll learn everything you need to know about an ice bong and a freeze bong.


Why Should You Cool Your Bong?

While bongs use water to cool the smoke, some cannabis connoisseurs still find the experience harsh, especially on the throat.1 This is where ice comes in handy. Adding ice in a bong further cools down the smoke, giving you smoother hits. Some cannabis consumers believe that adding ice offers extra filtration, but there isn’t any scientific evidence to back that up. The cooler smoke can make the overall experience more pleasant, allowing for bigger inhales without the irritation that warmer smoke sometimes causes.2



Cannabis leaf in between two ice cubes

What Is an Ice Bong

An ice bong is essentially a regular bong but with one key difference. There’s a built-in ice catcher, sometimes called an ice pinch. This is a small indent inside the neck (also called the downtube) of the bong, near the mouthpiece, that holds ice cubes above the water chamber.3 The ice cools the smoke as it rises through the downtube, making for a smoother, cooler hit. It’s perfect for cannasseurs who love a classic bong experience but want to make it even more comfortable on their throat and lungs.4

How Do You Use An Ice Bong?

Using an ice bong is easy, and it only takes a few extra steps compared to a regular bong5:

  1. An ice pinch: First, check to see if your bong has an ice pinch. You’ll know that your bong has an ice catcher if you can see tiny indentations on the neck. 

  2. Add water: Like with any other bong, fill the water chamber first. Ensure the water level is appropriate for the downstem and the melted ice.

  3. Add ice: Slowly drop a few ice cubes into the ice catcher. Be careful not to overload or chip the glass. The ice will rest above the water, cooling the smoke as it travels up the downtube.

  4. Inhale as usual: Pack your flower into the bowl, light it up, and enjoy the extra-smooth hit. The cooled smoke will feel gentler on your throat, giving you a more enjoyable experience overall.

Purple glass bong with an ice pinch

What Is a Freeze Bong?

A freeze bong is sometimes referred to as a glycerin bong because of the unique feature that sets it apart: a glycerin coil. Glycerin is a non-toxic, freezable substance that doesn’t expand when frozen, making it ideal for bongs. The glycerin coil sits inside the bong’s neck and chills the smoke as it passes through, similar to an ice bong, but without the need for ice. It’s a great alternative for those who want a cold, smooth hit but don’t want to deal with melting ice.6


How Do You Use a Glycerin Bong?

Using a glycerin bong is a bit different from an ice bong, but it’s just as simple:

  1. Freeze the coil: Detach the glycerin coil from the bong and place it in the freezer for about 45 minutes or longer. The glycerin cools quickly and stays cold for a long time, so there’s no need to freeze the entire bong (which can cause the glass to crack and reduce its insulation properties). 

  2. Add fresh water: Pour enough water into the chamber to cover the downstem.

  3. Grind and pack flower: Grind your cannabis flower and pack it into the bowl.

  4. Reassemble the bong: Once the coil is frozen, reattach it to the bong and proceed as you would with a standard water pipe. It’s time to light the flower.

  5. Enjoy a cooler hit: The glycerin coil will cool the smoke as it travels through the bong, giving you a smoother, chill hit without fussing with ice cubes.


Glass bong with a green glycerin coil

Other Ways to Cool Your Bong

If you’re not ready to invest in an ice bong or glycerin bong, there are other ways to get that cooler hit you’re after:7

  • Ice water: Instead of placing ice cubes in the ice catcher, try using cold water in the base of your bong.
  • Add ice to the water: Some people like to add ice cubes directly into the water chamber. While it’s not the same as using an ice bong, it can still help cool the smoke a bit more.
  • Bubbler: A bubbler is a smaller, portable water pipe that can offer a cooler hit, similar to a bong, but without the bulk.
  • Glycerin coil: If you don’t have a full glycerin bong, you can buy a separate glycerin coil that fits into the downtube of your existing bong.


Additional Considerations

While cooler smoke may feel more pleasant, there are a few things to keep in mind:

  • Stronger hits: Because cooler smoke is easier on your throat, you might inhale more, which could lead to stronger effects. Be mindful of this when trying out an ice bong or glycerin bong for the first time.
  • Lung irritation: Even though the smoke is cooler, you should avoid holding it in for too long. This can irritate your lungs regardless of the temperature.8
  • No extra filtration: While some people think adding ice to a bong provides extra filtration, this hasn’t been proven. The cooling effects are real, but the ice doesn’t give your lungs any additional protection.9 


FAQs About Ice Bongs

Wondering if an ice catcher bong is right for you? We’ve answered some of the most common questions below, but feel free to ask a LivWell budtender for more advice! 

Does ice make bong smoking healthier?
There’s no evidence that ice adds extra filtration. While it cools the smoke, it doesn’t necessarily make it healthier. 

What’s the difference between a bong and an ice bong?
An ice bong has an ice catcher or ice pinch, allowing you to add ice cubes to the neck of the bong for a cooler hit. 

Do you have to freeze a glycerin bong?
The glycerin coil must be placed in the freezer for 45-60 minutes to get cold. Once frozen, it cools the smoke as you inhale, similar to how ice cools smoke in an ice bong.


Purchasing Freeze or Ice Bongs 

Looking to upgrade your smoking experience? Whether you’re after an ice bong or a glycerin bong, LivWell dispensaries carry a variety of bongs and accessories to suit your needs. Stop by and chat with a budtender to find the perfect piece to make your next session smoother and cooler than ever.


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Sources:

1. “Cannabis 101: Does the Ice in a Bong Trick Really Work?” Nuggmd, April 1, 2024, https://www.nuggmd.com/blog/cannabis-101-ice-in-a-bong

2. “Why Do People Put Ice in a Bong?” DailyHighClub, August 25, 2021, https://dailyhighclub.com/blogs/news/why-do-people-put-ice-in-a-bong

3. “How Do Bongs Work, and How Do You Use One?” Leafwell, https://leafwell.com/blog/how-do-bongs-work/

4. “How to Get Better Bong Rips… Super Easily!” WayofLeaf, May 14, 2024, https://wayofleaf.com/cannabis/lifestyle/ways-to-get-better-bong-rips/

5. “Should you put ice in your bong?” Cannigma, https://cannigma.com/how-to/should-you-put-ice-in-your-bong/

6. “Why You Need a Glycerin Bong,” DailyHighClub, February 2, 2024, https://dailyhighclub.com/blogs/guides/why-you-need-a-glycerin-bong

7. “Top 12 bong water alternatives to make weed taste better,” Canna Connection, June 14, 2022, https://www.cannaconnection.com/blog/11643-top-10-bong-water-alternatives-make-your-weed-taste-better

8. “Demystifying the Bong, One Myth at a Time,” Healthline, August 26, 2019, https://www.healthline.com/health/how-does-a-bong-work#comparison-to-other-methods

9. “Why Are Bongs So Strong? Here’s the Science Behind the Rip,” MIC, May 28, 2021, https://www.mic.com/articles/134389/why-are-bongs-so-strong-here-s-the-science-behind-the-rip


Please consume responsibly. This product may cause impairment and may be habit forming. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. State laws impact what dispensaries can and can’t sell to recreational customers and medical marijuana patients. Not every type of product, consumption method, dosage form, or potency mentioned on this blog will be permitted in all locations.


Medical Marijuana on a neon sign in front of palm trees
What is Medical Marijuana & How Can You Purchase It?

When you buy medical marijuana, it’s important to understand the laws in your state, how to get a medical marijuana card, and where to find a certified medical marijuana dispensary. Whether you’re in Colorado, Michigan, or any other state with a medical cannabis program, knowing your area’s specific requirements, legal limits, and approved conditions ensures that you stay compliant and can access the products that best meet your needs.

In this article, we’ll explore medical marijuana and guide you through the process of purchasing medical cannabis to make your experience as smooth and stress-free as possible.


What Is Medical Marijuana?

Medical marijuana or medical cannabis refers to the use of compounds derived from the cannabis plant, such as THC and CBD, to treat symptoms or conditions like chronic pain, nausea, and muscle spasms.1 Many patients use medical cannabis to potentially help manage symptoms of conditions such as Crohn’s disease, HIV/AIDS, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis,2 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), wasting syndrome,3 as well as side effects from chemotherapy and other cancer treatments.4 Because of the therapeutic potential of medical marijuana, it's been legalized in many states for medicinal use, offering a natural alternative for those seeking relief from debilitating symptoms.


Medical Marijuana on a neon sign in front of palm trees

What Is a Medical Marijuana Card?

A medical marijuana card is a state-issued ID that allows qualified patients to legally purchase medical cannabis. Each state with a medical cannabis program has its own process for obtaining a card.5 Generally, it requires a physician’s certification and registration with the state in which you reside. For example, if you need to get a card in Colorado, you’ll need to follow the specific application process outlined by the state, including providing proof of residency and a doctor’s recommendation.

Be sure to check your local laws and requirements, as they vary significantly across the country.6  


What Conditions Qualify for Medical Marijuana?

The conditions that qualify you for medical marijuana depend on your state’s specific regulations. Some of the most commonly approved conditions for medical cannabis consumption: 

  • Chronic pain 
  • Cancer 
  • HIV/AIDS 
  • Severe nausea 
  • Muscle spasms 
  • Glaucoma 
  • Multiple sclerosis 


cannabis flower on a metal scale next to a plastic jar of cannabis flower

To access medical marijuana, patients typically need certification from their physician, confirming that they have a qualifying condition. This certification is an essential part of the process and helps ensure that only those with approved medical needs can access medical cannabis. It’s also important to keep your certification updated, as many states require annual renewals to continue using medical marijuana.


Is Medical Marijuana Different From Recreational Marijuana?

The difference between medical and recreational marijuana largely depends on state regulations. While the products themselves are often similar, medical marijuana typically comes with some advantages for patients.7 These benefits include:

Higher Purchase Limits

Patients with a medical marijuana card may be allowed to buy more product per visit. Depending on the state, your certifying physician might determine how much cannabis you can purchase, ensuring you have enough to manage your symptoms. 



Group of cannabis products, including flowers, tincture bottles

Lower Taxes

In many states, medical marijuana is taxed at a lower rate than recreational cannabis, making it more affordable for those using it for therapeutic purposes.8 Lower taxes can significantly reduce the cost of long-term treatment for patients who rely on medical marijuana for chronic conditions.

Medical-Only Dispensaries

Some states have dispensaries that serve only medical patients. They may offer longer hours and access to in-house experts like pharmacists. For example, in New York, medical cannabis dispensaries have pharmacists on staff. For patients seeking medical cannabis in Michigan, you can find both recreational dispensaries and medical provisioning centers throughout the state.


FAQs About Medical Marijuana

Looking to start your journey with medical marijuana? Or do you have questions about obtaining a medical marijuana card? We’ve put together some answers to common questions to help you get started. And if you need more personalized advice, your friendly budtender at LivWell is always ready to assist. 


Can I use my medical cannabis card in another state?
Some states have medical cannabis reciprocity, allowing patients to use their medical marijuana cards outside their home state. For instance, Michigan accepts out-of-state medical cards in their medical provisioning centers, while California and Colorado don’t. Some states even offer short-term medical marijuana cards for visitors.9

Can my doctor prescribe medical marijuana?
Doctors cannot directly prescribe medical marijuana. However, they can certify that you have a qualifying condition, allowing you to apply for a medical marijuana card. Always check your state's regulations, as requirements vary. 

Can anyone get a medical marijuana card?
Not just anyone can get a medical marijuana card. You must meet your state’s requirements, including having a qualifying medical condition. Always review your state’s criteria for medical cannabis before talking to your medical health professional and applying for a medical marijuana card.


Purchasing Medical Marijuana

Once you have your medical marijuana card, the next step is finding a medical marijuana dispensary near you. Whether you need to find a dispensary in Michigan, New York, or another state, choosing a licensed and certified marijuana store ensures access to quality products and knowledgeable staff. And remember to chat with your favorite LivWell budtender if you have any medical marijuana questions. 


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Sources:

1. “Medical Marijuana,” Harvard Health Publishing, April 10, 2020, https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/medical-marijuana-2018011513085

2. “What Medical Marijuana Works For,” AARP, September 3, 2019, https://www.aarp.org/health/drugs-supplements/info-2019/cannabis-for-medical-conditions.html

3. “Medical Marijuana: Benefits and Side Effects,” WebMD, January 9, 2024, https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/medical-marijuana-faq

4. “Marijuana and Cancer,” American Cancer Society, https://www.cancer.org/cancer/managing-cancer/treatment-types/complementary-and-integrative-medicine/marijuana-and-cancer.html

5. “State Medical Cannabis Laws,” NCSL, July 12, 2024, https://www.ncsl.org/health/state-medical-cannabis-laws

6. “Medical marijuana,” MedlinePlus, https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000899.htm

7. “What’s the Difference Between Medical Marijuana and Recreational Weed?” GoodRx, February 13, 2024, https://www.goodrx.com/classes/cannabinoids/medicinal-vs-recreational-weed-marijuana

8. “Cannabis Taxation: Lessons Learned from U.S. States and a Blueprint for Nationwide Cannabis Tax Policy,” Tax Foundation, December 14, 2023, https://taxfoundation.org/research/all/state/cannabis-tax-revenue-reform

9. “Reciprocity,” Weedmaps, https://weedmaps.com/learn/dictionary/reciprocity



Please consume responsibly. This product may cause impairment and may be habit forming. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product. State laws impact what dispensaries can and can’t sell to recreational customers and medical marijuana patients. Not every type of product, consumption method, dosage form, or potency mentioned on this blog will be permitted in all locations. This content is not intended as medical advice. The information provided is meant to encourage cannabis education, not replace direct patient-healthcare professional relationships. Always consult your primary care physician or other healthcare provider prior to using cannabis products for treatment of a medical condition. Any statements contained herein have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. Products referenced are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Products are only available where consumption of cannabis is legal.


The words 'THCA' on top of a pile of cannabis leaves
THCA vs THC: How Are They Different?

THC may be the most famous cannabinoid, but did you know it doesn’t actually exist in the cannabis plant? It begins as a different cannabinoid called Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid (THCA), which does not provide psychoactive effects. To convert THCA into THC, it must be decarboxylated by exposing it to heat or light. 

THCA and THC may be closely related, but the characteristics and effects of these two cannabinoids differ greatly. In this article, we’ll explore the differences between THCA vs THC, the conversion process, potential benefits, and ways to use them.

Introduction to Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids are chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant. You have likely already heard of THC and CBD, but there are actually more than 500 known cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant!1 These compounds interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system to produce various effects. It’s essential to understand what cannabinoids are and how they may affect you, as they play a significant role in the therapeutic and recreational use of cannabis.


What is THCA?

THCA is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in raw cannabis–specifically in the plant’s smokable flowers. It is the precursor to THC and has a distinct chemical structure that prevents it from binding to cannabinoid receptors in the brain.2 This means trying to eat raw cannabis flower, stems, leaves, etc. will not provide intoxicating effects. 

Cannabis flower with high levels of THCA is often consumed raw, typically through juicing, to take advantage of the potential health benefits without the psychoactive effects of THC.3


What is THC?

THC, formally known as Tetrahydrocannabinol, is the psychoactive compound in cannabis that produces an “intoxicating high.” In order to convert THCA into THC, it must be decarboxylated, or exposed to heat or light. This removes the carboxyl group from THCA, converting it into THC. When THC is consumed, it binds to the CB1 and CB2 receptors in your brain and body, producing its characteristic effects, known as a “high.”4 


How is THCA converted to THC?

Decarboxylation is the key process that transforms THCA into THC. This chemical process, initiated by applying heat or through prolonged exposure to light, removes a carboxyl or carbon dioxide molecule group from THCA, transforming it into THC.16 Common methods of decarboxylation include smoking, vaping, baking, or using a decarbing device. This process is crucial in cannabis product manufacturing to ensure the cannabinoids are activated, and THC can produce its psychoactive effects.5

Here are the common methods of decarboxylation:

  • Heat: Bake dried cannabis flower in an oven, vape or smoke cannabis, or use a specialized decarboxylation device. 

  • Time: Over time, THCA can slowly convert into THC at room temperature. 

  • Light: Exposure to UV light can also cause decarboxylation, though this method typically happens unintentionally when cannabis isn’t stored properly.


Key Differences Between THCA and THC

This topic is highly technical and can be confusing! Here’s an easier breakdown of the main differences between THC vs THCA: 



Psychoactive Effects

The most significant difference between THCA vs THC flower lies in their psychoactive properties. THCA is non-intoxicating and doesn’t produce a “high” because it doesn’t bind to the brain’s cannabinoid receptors.6 In contrast, THC is psychoactive and responsible for the effects associated with cannabis use.7 Additionally, a full-spectrum THC product contains various cannabinoids, producing an entourage effect when consumed.

Medical Applications

THCA and THC may have therapeutic applications, but more studies are needed to verify the potential medical effects. THCA is believed to have anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective,8 and antiemetic properties. It may be beneficial for those who have arthritis or suffer from neurodegenerative diseases. On the other hand, THC may help relieve pain, stimulate appetite, and manage symptoms related to conditions like multiple sclerosis and cancer.9


Legal Status

The legal status of THC vs THCA differs significantly. THC is federally illegal in the United States, but it is allowed for medical or recreational use in some states.10 THCA, derived from hemp, is currently legal under the 2018 Farm Bill, provided it contains less than 0.3% THC. However, this is subject to change as regulations evolve.11


THCA in Raw Cannabis

THCA is abundant in raw cannabis, especially in the leaves and flowers. Consuming raw cannabis, such as through juicing or adding it to smoothies, may provide the benefits of the non-psychoactive cannabinoid without the intoxicating effects of THC. This method is popular among those looking to harness the potential therapeutic properties of cannabis without experiencing a “high.”12


THC in Cannabis Products

The presence of THCA vs THC in products you purchase from a dispensary vary based on the type of product you buy. 

  • Edibles, tinctures, or topicals typically only contain THC as the decarboxylation process occurred as the product was being manufactured.

  • Disposable vapes and vape cartridges contain THCA, which is decarboxylated automatically by the battery’s heating element. 

  • Cannabis flower and marijuana concentrates contain THCA, and they require manual decarboxylation. Simply light the flower or concentrate in the consumption device of your choice to convert THCA to THC.


Potential Benefits of THCA

Unfortunately there isn’t enough cannabis research to be able to confirm its benefits, but there are a number of studies that may lead to further breakthroughs. When it comes to THCA, there are areas in which it could provide relief to patients: 

  • Neuroprotective - Support brain health and protect against neurodegenerative diseases like dementia.13

  • Antiemetic - Reduce nausea and vomiting, which may be especially beneficial to chemotherapy patients.14

  • Anticonvulsant - Reduce seizures in epilepsy.15 


Frequently Asked Questions

Your favorite budtender is a great resource if you have questions. Here are a few of the most common we hear.

Can I consume THCA without experiencing psychoactive effects?
You can consume THCA, which is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, without experiencing intoxication.

What’s the best way to preserve THCA in cannabis?
To preserve THCA, avoid exposing cannabis to heat or light, as these will trigger decarboxylation, the process that turns THCA into its active THC cousin. 

How do THCA concentrations vary in different cannabis strains?
THCA concentrations vary similarly to THC levels. If a cannabis strain has a high THC content, it will also contain a lot of THCA. 

Can I find products that contain only THCA?
Many products contain THCA only, and THCA diamonds are the most popular.


Choosing Between THCA and THC

Here’s a brief recap and summary about the differences between the two: THCA and THC are cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. THC is psychoactive and is only activated when cannabis is decarboxylated. THCA is currently legal across the US pursuant to the 2018 Farm Bill, while THC is only legal for medical and recreational use in some states.

To choose between THCA and THC, consider your needs and preferences. If you're unsure, ask a budtender at your local dispensary for guidance.

 

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Sources

1. “Cannabis (Marijuana) and Cannabinoids: What You Need to Know,” National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/cannabis-marijuana-and-cannabinoids-what-you-need-to-know

2. “Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA),” Weedmaps, https://weedmaps.com/learn/dictionary/tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid-thca

3. “What is THCA and what are the benefits of this cannabinoid?” Leafly, September 16, 2022, https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/what-is-thca-and-what-are-the-benefits-of-this-cannabinoid

4. “Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC),” National Library of Medicine, November 12, 2023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563174/

5. “Explore THCA Flower: Effects, Benefits & More at ACS Laboratory,” ACS Laboratory, July 10, 2023, https://www.acslab.com/cannabinoids/thca-flower-effects-benefits

6. “ Affinity and Efficacy Studies of Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid A at Cannabinoid Receptor Types One and Two,” National Library of Medicine, May 1, 20167, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5510775/

7. “THCA,” Leafly, https://www.leafly.com/learn/cannabis-glossary/thca

8. “Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid as a potent PPARγ agonist with neuroprotective activity,” National Library of Medicine, November 2, 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5731255/

9. “Therapeutic Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids,” National Library of Medicine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425767/

10. “A psychoactive hemp product is available where marijuana is banned due to loophole,” NPR, August 28, 2023, https://www.npr.org/2023/08/28/1196454017/a-psychoactive-hemp-product-is-available-where-marijuana-is-banned-due-to-a-loop 

11. “THCA meets legal definition of hemp, operators say - but not everyone agrees,” MJBizDaily, March 19, 2024, https://mjbizdaily.com/does-thca-adhere-to-legal-definition-of-hemp/

12. “Eating raw weed” Can it get you high?” MedicalNewsToday, February 25, 2022, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-you-get-high-from-eating-raw-weed

13. “The Cannabinoids, CBDA and THCA, Rescue Memory Deficits and Reduce Amyloid-Beta and Tau Pathology in an Alzheimer’s Disease-like Mouse Model,” National Library of Medicine, April 6, 2023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10095267/

14. “Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid reduces nausea-induced conditioned gaping in rats and vomiting in Suncus murinus,” National Library of Medicine, September 17, 2013, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3792001/

15. “Evaluation of the Possible Anticonvulsant Effect of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid in Murine Seizure Models,” National Library of Medicine, February 10, 2022, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8864425/

16. “What is THCA? Guide to One of the Acidic Cannabinoids,” Leafwell, https://leafwell.com/blog/tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid-thca-cannabinoid



Use of Marijuana Concentrate may lead to: Psychotic symptoms and/or Psychotic disorder (delusions, hallucinations, or difficulty distinguishing reality); Mental Health Symptoms/Problems; Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) (uncontrolled and repetitive vomiting); Cannabis use disorder/dependence, including physical and psychological dependence. Please consume responsibly. This product may cause impairment and may be habit forming. There may be health risks associated with consumption of this product.  State laws impact what dispensaries can and can’t sell to recreational customers and medical marijuana patients. Not every type of product, consumption method, dosage form, or potency mentioned on this blog will be permitted in all locations.

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